西征：大清帝国对中亚的征服 China Marches West The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia Peter C Perdue 插图版

概述：

From about 1600 to 1800, the Qing empire of China expanded to unprecedented size. Through astute diplomacy, economic investment, and a series of ambitious military campaigns into the heart of Central Eurasia, the Manchu rulers defeated the Zunghar Mongols, and brought all of modern Xinjiang and Mongolia under their control, while gaining dominant influence in Tibet. The China we know is a product of these vast conquests.
从公元1600年到1800年，大清帝国扩张到了一个史无前例的地步。通过精明的外交、经济投资和一系列野心勃勃深入中亚心脏的军事行动，满人统治者们打败了准噶尔蒙古人，把今天的新疆和蒙古地区置于自己的控制之下，同时在西藏取得了决定性的影响。今日我们所说的中国就是这些大规模征服行动的产物。

Peter C. Perdue chronicles this little-known story of China’s expansion into the northwestern frontier. Unlike previous Chinese dynasties, the Qing achieved lasting domination over the eastern half of the Eurasian continent. Rulers used forcible repression when faced with resistance, but also aimed to win over subject peoples by peaceful means. They invested heavily in the economic and administrative development of the frontier, promoted trade networks, and adapted ceremonies to the distinct regional cultures.
濮德培用编年史的形式，记载了这个少为人知的中国向西北边陲扩张的故事。不象以前的中国王朝，清朝在欧亚大陆的东半部取得了可持续的统治力。统治者们在遇到反抗时会采取强力的压制手段，但他们也通过和平的手段来赢取被征服人们的心。他们在边疆的经济与行政管治上投资甚巨，提升了贸易网络，也修改了自己的礼仪以适应截然不同的当地文化。

Perdue thus illuminates how China came to rule Central Eurasia and how it justifies that control, what holds the Chinese nation together, and how its relations with the Islamic world and Mongolia developed. He offers valuable comparisons to other colonial empires and discusses the legacy left by China’s frontier expansion. The Beijing government today faces unrest on its frontiers from peoples who reject its autocratic rule. At the same time, China has launched an ambitious development program in its interior that in many ways echoes the old Qing policies.
濮德培例证了中国是如何征服中亚、如何来为这种征服辩护、是什么使得中国这个国家统一在一起、以及中国和伊斯兰世界、蒙古的关系。他把中国和其他殖民帝国作了颇有价值的比较，论述了这种边疆扩张给今天留下的遗产。今日的中国政府面临来自这些地区的骚乱，与此同时，中国政府也在这些地区启动了一项野心勃勃的发展计划。在许多方面，这项计划和当年的清朝政策类似。

China Marches West is a tour de force that will fundamentally alter the way we understand Central Eurasia.
《西征》这本杰作将会从根本上改变人们对中亚的理解方式。

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